Sebaceous hyperplasia are very common skin-colored to yellowish bumps that occur on the face, and sometimes on the upper body. Sebaceous hyperplasia is a benign and common condition of sebaceous glands. It typically presents as small, soft yellowish papules on the face, particularly on the nose, cheeks, and forehead. The lesions can be solitary or multiple, and may vary in size.
Sebaceous hyperplasia is most often observed in middle-aged and older adults, particularly males. It’s characterized by an increase in the number of sebaceous glands and is often associated with aging. They often have a bumpy “lobulated” appearance with a central dell.
Anatomy and Function of Sebaceous Glands
Sebaceous glands are tiny, oil-producing structures embedded within the skin, essential for maintaining the skin’s protective barrier and overall health. Most abundant on the face, especially the nose, cheeks, and forehead, these glands are also found on the chest, back, and other areas. The primary job of sebaceous glands is to secrete sebum, an oily substance that keeps both skin and hair moisturized, supple, and protected from environmental stressors. Sebum production is closely linked to hormonal activity, which is why changes in hormone levels throughout life can affect how much oil the skin produces.
When sebaceous glands become overactive or enlarged, as seen in sebaceous gland hyperplasia, they can lead to visible bumps and changes in skin texture.
Causes and Risk Factors
Sebaceous hyperplasia occurs when sebaceous glands enlarge and produce excess sebum, resulting in small, benign bumps on the skin. While the precise cause is not fully understood, several factors are known to increase the risk. Age is a primary contributor, with sebaceous hyperplasia most commonly developing in middle-aged and older adults. Hormonal changes play a significant role in the development of this condition. Genetics can also predispose individuals to sebaceous hyperplasia, making it more likely to run in families.
Prolonged sun exposure is another risk factor, as UV damage can affect the structure and function of sebaceous glands.
Recognizing these causes and risk factors is important for both prevention and effective management of sebaceous hyperplasia.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Sebaceous hyperplasia typically appears as small, soft, yellowish or flesh-toned bumps on the skin, often featuring a central depression or dell. These bumps may occur singly or in clusters and are most frequently found on the face, particularly the nose, cheeks, and forehead. While sebaceous hyperplasia is benign and usually painless, its appearance can be mistaken for other skin conditions, including basal cell carcinoma, which is a type of skin cancer. .
A dermatologist will usually diagnose sebaceous hyperplasia through a clinical examination, carefully assessing the size, shape, and distribution of the bumps. In some cases, additional diagnostic tools may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out more serious conditions. Early and accurate identification ensures appropriate treatment.
Sebaceous Hyperplasia Treatment
Shave Excision
The sebaceous hyperplasia is carefully removed using a shave technique so that it becomes flush with the surrounding skin.
Electrodesiccation
Light use of heat, known as electrodesiccation or electrocauterization, uses an electrically charged needle to carefully heat and vaporize each sebaceous hyperplasia bump.
Cryotherapy
The sebaceous hyperplasia are frozen off using a probe containing liquid nitrogen.
Managing and Preventing Sebaceous Hyperplasia
Managing sebaceous hyperplasia often involves a combination of targeted skincare and professional treatments. For mild cases, over-the-counter products containing salicylic acid or retinoids can help minimize sebaceous hyperplasia bumps by promoting cell turnover and reducing oiliness. For more persistent or bothersome lesions, dermatological procedures such as photodynamic therapy, laser treatments, or cryotherapy may be recommended to effectively reduce or remove the bumps.
Prevention can be challenging, but adopting a consistent skincare routine with non-comedogenic products, protecting the skin from excessive sun exposure, and managing stress can help lower the risk of developing sebaceous hyperplasia, especially for those with oily skin or a family history of the condition.
Dr. Arko Demianzcuk
Cosmetic, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon | BLOG
Dr. Arko Demianzcuk received his MD degree with honors from Queens University and his Plastic Surgery training (FRCS) from the University of British Columbia. His post-graduate education included subspecialty training in reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston. Dr. Demianzcuk has been appointed as Clinical Associate Professor at the University of British Columbia and served as Director of the UBC Resident Cosmetic Clinic for over a decade.Dr. Demianzcuk’s professional memberships include the Royal College of Physicians & Surgeons of Canada with subspecialty training in Plastic Surgery, the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgery, the Canadian Society of Aesthetic Surgery, the American Society of Plastic Surgery, and the Canadian Medical Association.
